Female Genital Mutilation, Egypt (World Health Organization, 1999, p.151) (PDF, 672 KB):
97% of Egyptian women have undergone Female Genital Mutilation

Egypt outlaws female circumcision (Aljazeera, Jun 28, 2007): "Egypt has banned all female circumcision, the widely-practised removal of the clitoris ... About 97 per cent of Egypt's women have undergone circumcision."

Report on Female Genital Mutilation, Egypt (U.S. Department of State, June 2001): "... practice is nearly universal among women of reproductive age in Egypt ... findings show that 97 percent of women surveyed have undergone one of these procedures ..."

Pictures of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), 2002
(These pictures are not suitable for children. They are extremely disturbing!!!)

Egyptian girl undergoing Female Genital Mutilation (FMG)
Health consequences of FGM (Fact sheet no. 241 Female Genital Mutilation, World Health Organization, WHO official website, June 2004): "Immediate complications include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage, urine retention, ulceration of the genital region and injury to adjacent tissue. Haemorrhage and infection can cause death. More recently, concern has arisen about possible transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the use of one instrument in multiple operations, but this has not been the subject of detailed research. Long-term consequences include cysts and abscesses, keloid scar formation, damage to the urethra resulting in urinary incontinence, dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) and sexual dysfunction and difficulties with childbirth. Psychosexual and psychological health: Genital mutilation may leave a lasting mark on the life and mind of the woman who has undergone it. In the longer term, women may suffer feelings of incompleteness, anxiety and depression."

The World Medical Association Statement on Female Genital Mutilation, Oct 1993: “The World Medical Association condemns the practice of genital mutilation including circumcision where women and girls are concerned and condemns the participation of physicians in the execution of such practices.”

Policy Statement | Female Genital Mutilation (American Academy of Pediatrics, PEDIATRICS Vol. 102 No. 1 Jul 1998, pp. 153-156): “... pediatricians and pediatric surgical specialists should be aware that this practice [FGM] has serious, life-threatening health risks for children and women. The AAP opposes all forms of FGM …” [Disturbing graphical descriptions included]

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - An Egyptian Version (ADL): Published by: Dar al-Turath, Cairo, Egypt, Year Published: NA. The introductory note by the translator Muhammad Khalifa al-Tunisi is from 1976. The foreword to the book was written by Abbas Mahmud al-Aqqad, who also prefaced previous editions published in Egypt. Excerpt from the introductory note by the translator Muhammad Khalifa al-Tunisi: “The Jewish threat is an evil which affects not only our country, but all the countries and nations of the world. We have no choice but to remain fully alert towards its machinations, and persevere in our holy war (jihad) against it, as best as we can. We warn against it, for it is a satanic force, which strives to corrupt the nations of the world and spread hostility and hatred among people both as individuals and groups. Their purpose is to gain sole control over the world and take advantage of all that is valuable in it” (p. 12). A Updated Version. Published by: Maktabat al-Iman, al-Mansura, near al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Year Published: 1994. Excerpt from the notes to the Arabic translation: “To the Reader: Watch over this copy of the book, because the Jews have waged war against this book whenever and wherever it appeared, and in whatever language. They were prepared to spend any amount of money in order to gather its copies and burn them, so as to conceal from the world their satanic schemes plotted against us, which are revealed in all their abomination in this book.” (p. 6).

Intro - Persecution of Christians in Egypt
Persecution of Copts: "Copts (Christians of Egypt) are not asking for special treatment to compensate for centuries of discrimination and persecution. They are only asking for equality."

Egypt bans 'too religious' Matrix, BBC, Jun 11, 2003): "Global blockbuster The Matrix Reloaded has been banned in Egypt because of its 'violent' content and because it tackles 'religious themes'."

Persecution of gays in Egypt (Overseas based GayEgypt): "Warning: Gay sex or any homosexual activity in Egypt puts you at risk of arrest, deportation or imprisonment and any sexual encounter is undertaken at your own risk."
In a Time of Torture. The Assault on Justice in Egypt's Crackdown on Homosexual Conduct (Human Rights Watch, March 2004).
Egypt: End Internet Entrapment, Homosexual Prosecutions (Human Rights Watch, Feb 21, 2003): "For two years now, the Egyptian authorities have conducted an on-going campaign of harassment against suspected homosexuals. The police are raiding private homes and using the Internet to entrap men on trumped-up charges of 'debauchery.' People looking for support and community find a prison cell instead."
Egypt parliament to scrutinise film (Qatar-based Aljazeera TV, Jul 5, 2006)


Egypt's Emergency without End. Rushed Renewal of Repressive Legislation (Human Rights Watch, Feb 25, 2003)

Egypt. Muzzling Civil Society (Amnesty International, Sep 19, 2000): "In the last few years, the Egyptian authorities have managed to muzzle civil society by threatening with detention and imprisonment those who oppose or publicly criticize the government's policies. Journalists, writers, human rights defenders, non-governmental organization (NGO) activists and political activists have been and continue to be particularly at risk of being detained in connection with ''offences'' which merely amount to the exercise of their rights to freedom of expression and association. Over the past decade new laws and decrees have curtailed rights to freedom of expression and association. Human rights activists have been detained on the basis of dubious charges, such as ''disseminating false information abroad that would harm Egypt's interests''. Journalists have been imprisoned for libel of officials. Non-violent political activists have been tried before military courts. Members of religious groups, including women and young people, have been brought to trial and sentenced to prison terms. In short, the Egyptian authorities are implementing a policy aimed at muzzling civil society."

Challenging the Qur’an. A German scholar contends that the Islamic text has been mistranscribed and promises raisins, not virgins (Newsweek, Jul 28, 2003): "... in 2001, Egypt’s Constitutional Court confirmed the “apostasy” of former University of Cairo scholar Nasr Hamid Abu-Zayd, for considering the Qur’an a document written by humans."

Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Al-Zaqaziq in Egypt to Sue 'The Jews' for Compensation for 'Trillions' of Tons of Gold Allegedly Stolen During Exodus from Egypt (Al-Ahram Al-Arabi, Aug 9, 2003/MEMRI translation): "If we assume that the weight of what was stolen [by the Jews] was one ton, [its worth] doubled every 20 years, even if the annual interest is only 5%. In one ton of gold is 700 kg of pure gold – and we must remember that what was stolen was jewelry, that is, alloyed with copper. Hence, after 1,000 years, it would be worth 1,125,898,240 million tons, which equals 1,125,898 billion tons for 1,000 years. In other words, 1,125 trillion tons of gold, that is, a million multiplied by a million tons of gold. This is for one stolen ton. The stolen gold is estimated at 300 tons, and it was not stolen for 1,000 years, but for 5,758 years ... The value must be calculated precisely in accordance with the information collected, and afterward a lawsuit must be filed against all the Jews of the world ..."
World Gold Council website (Sep 15, 2003): "At the end of 2001, it is estimated that all the gold ever mined amounts to about 145,000 tonnes. ... In 2001, mine production amounted to 2,604 tonnes"

United Arab Republic (Columbia Encyclopedia, June 6, 2004): Political union (1958-61) of Egypt and Syria. The capital was Cairo. As an initial step toward creating a pan-Arab union, the republic abolished Syrian and Egyptian citizenship, termed its inhabitants Arabs, and called the country “Arab territory.” It considered the Arab homeland to be the entire area between the Persian Gulf and the Atlantic coast. With Yemen (North Yemen), it formed (1958) a loose federation called the United Arab States. In 1961, Syria withdrew from the union after a military coup, and Yemen soon followed, thus ending the union. Egypt continued to use the name until 1971.

Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty of March 26, 1979 (Knesset, June 30, 2004)
Non-recognition of Israel as a Sovereign State [in Egyptian School Textbooks] (CMIP, Jun 30' 2004): Although Israel is officially recognized by Egypt, and the two countries have diplomatic relations, its name does not appear on any map, except for two maps in a history textbook for high school on which Israeli territory is entitled "the Jewish State." In some cases, the territory is shown without any name on it, but in most cases it is entitled "Palestine". Also, in geographical descriptions of Israel's territory, it is referred to as "Palestine."
JEWS, CHRISTIANS, WAR AND PEACE IN EGYPTIAN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS (Executive Summary, CMIP, Jun 30, 2004): This report by the Center for Monitoring the Impact of Peace (CMIP) surveys 103 Egyptian textbooks for use in primary, preparatory and secondary state schools and 16 textbooks for use in preparatory and secondary schools within the religious Azharite school system. Table of Contents

Egypt related documents at Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMR
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Egypt - 2001 (Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of U.S. Department of State)
Library of Congress's Country Studies (Egypt)
CIA World Factbook (Egypt)